Despite Florida’s legalization of medical marijuana in 2016, illegal cannabis sales continue to thrive in Miami, raising questions about the effectiveness of current regulations and the challenges faced in curbing the black market.

In November 2024, Florida voters narrowly rejected Amendment 3, which aimed to legalize recreational marijuana. The measure garnered 55% support, falling short of the 60% supermajority required for constitutional amendments in the state. This outcome maintained the status quo, where only medical marijuana is legal, leaving a significant portion of cannabis demand unaddressed by the legal market.

The persistence of the black market is not unique to Florida. National reports indicate that in many U.S. regions, illegal cannabis outcompetes legal sales, often due to lower prices and easier accessibility. In Miami, the situation is compounded by the limited scope of legal cannabis access, restricted to medical use, which does not cater to the broader consumer base.

Law enforcement agencies in Miami-Dade County continue to grapple with unlicensed cannabis operations. The lack of recreational legalization means that a substantial demand is met through illicit channels, which often operate without the oversight and safety standards of regulated dispensaries.

Advocates for legalization argue that bringing cannabis sales into a regulated framework could undermine the black market by offering safe, tested products and generating tax revenue. States that have legalized recreational marijuana have reported significant tax revenues, with funds often allocated to public services and community programs.

However, the failure of Amendment 3 indicates a divided public opinion in Florida. Opponents of the measure cited concerns about public health and safety, while supporters emphasized the potential economic benefits and the importance of personal freedom.

As the debate continues, the black market remains a significant player in Miami’s cannabis landscape. Without changes to the current legal framework, unregulated sales are likely to persist, posing challenges for law enforcement and public health officials alike.